What Is Personal Branding And How Effective It Can Be For...

â€Å"Define what your brand stands for, its core values and tone of voice, and then communicate consistently in those terms† (Mainwaring, n.d.). Personal branding is the message you intend to send to others that is a reflection of you, your values, and what you stand for. Branding yourself is vital in the business world today considering it can help you with, better opportunity discovery, better networking career advancement, and better success. It can also develop and define you as a leader. From â€Å"actors, musicians, athletes and models, the famous and near famous are all competing for market position in popular culture. Like products, celebrities even rename themselves to craft a brand identity† (Solomon, Marshall, Stuart, 2016). Regardless†¦show more content†¦Also, understanding other people’s perception of you speaks high volumes of your personal brand and can help make you a successful leader. â€Å"View your personal brand as a trademark; a n asset that you must protect while continuously molding and shaping it. Your personal brand is an asset that must be managed with the intention of helping others benefit from having a relationship with you and / or by being associated with your work and the industry you serve† (Llopis, 2013). Celebrities consult with marketing agents who uses three strategy efforts for personal branding. First, the pure selling approach where â€Å"an agent presents a client’s qualifications to potential buyers until he or she finds one who is willing to act as an intermediary† (Solomon, Marshall, Stuart, 2016). Second, the product improvement approach where â€Å"an agent works with the client to modify certain characteristics that will increase his or her market value† (Solomon, Marshall, Stuart, 2016). And third, the market fulfillment approach where â€Å"an agent scans the market to identify unmet needs. After identifying a need, the agent then finds a person or group that meets a set of minimum qualifications and develops a new product† (Solomon, Marshall, Stuart, 2016). â€Å"Whether you use your personal brand to consult, freelance, or drive more traffic and trust to your company, it s vitally important to establish one to stay competitive† (D emers, 2014). ForShow MoreRelatedDual Branding1065 Words   |  5 Pages1. What are the conceptual underpinnings of a dual-brand strategy? A dual brand strategy is the association of two or more already well recognized trademarks in a synergistic retail setting designed to benefit each, is one of the fastest growing areas in franchising. Numerous systems are learning that they’re significantly more effective in presenting their products and services to the public when they do so in association with another brand. A company may use dual branding when they want to increaseRead MoreDual Branding1076 Words   |  5 Pages1. What are the conceptual underpinnings of a dual-brand strategy? A dual brand strategy is the association of two or more already well recognized trademarks in a synergistic retail setting designed to benefit each, is one of the fastest growing areas in franchising. Numerous systems are learning that they’re significantly more effective in presenting their products and services to the public when they do so in association with another brand. A company may use dual branding when they want toRead MoreConsumer Behavior and Marketing Strategies927 Words   |  4 PagesPart 1 It is part of being human that one attributes motives to other peoples behavior. 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Minimum Wage Is The Lowest Payment Permitted By Law Or...

Minimum Wage Minimum wage is the lowest payment permitted by law or special agreement (labor union). Minimum wage jobs are normally designated for young adults or teens. It does not really permit a suitable living wage for a person with a family. The jobs with minimum wage are learning positions. They enable the worker to gain skills for higher paying jobs. Raising the minimum wage presents a series of advantages and disadvantages to the worker and the economy. Minimum wage was introduced in 1938 during the Great Depression by Franklin Roosevelt. Congress composed minimum wage with the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). The initial wage was set at 25 cents an hour. Minimum wage fluctuates greatly in inflation-adjusted buying power.The current national minimum wage is $7.25. Congress normally only permits the minimum wage to be raised during low unemployment and a stable economy (James Sherk, 2015). Jobs that pay minimum wage are typically jobs for teens in the summer and after school. Although some adults work at jobs with minimum pay; they normally are not the sole income for the family. According to Sherk (2013) only 2.9% of Americans work at a job with minimum wage. Although, over half of that 2.9% are people that range from ages 16-24, and 24% of that 50% are teenagers ages 16-19. Twenty-three of the fifty states contain higher minimum wages over the federal standard (Desilver, 2014). Raising the minimum wage is a continual topic. 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Early ROmantic Music free essay sample

The romantic period In music was known from 1820-1990. Schubert, Schumann, Chopin, List, Burlier, Tchaikovsky, and Wagner were the most significant musicians of this time. As we know, Mozart and especially Beethovens works were popular not only in classical era, but also their emotional intensity associated with romanticism. Also, chamber music was used in both romantic and classical music. Still, there are many differences between classical and romantic music.For example, romantic works tend to have greater dynamics, ranges of tone color, and pitch. In our class, we have learned that chamber music was one of the most popular types of music during the classical and romantic era. We also learned, that chamber music has many forms such as sonata (solo Instruments), accompanied Instruments (solo Instruments and keyboard (appropriate) ) and string quartet that has two violins, one viola and one cello. And now, we learned Its miniature forms that are lied, song cycle, and character piece. We will write a custom essay sample on Early ROmantic Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the Lied we hear Plano and singer singing In German.Also, if the music is strophic, then we hear same music repeated over and over but with different words. During the through-composed music we hear different words and music. In orchestral music we hear sections of string, brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments. Monumental forms of orchestral music are program symphony and concert overture. Program symphony is self-explanatory, as its name says it is a symphony with a program with several movements. Whereas, a concerto overture is telling a story that has one movement, usually in sonata form.Symphonic poem, or tone poem Is very flexible and it separates the symphonic poem from the concert overture, which Is usually I sonata form. Franz Schubert (1797-1828) was born In Vienna, the son of a schoolmaster. Unlike other popular musicians of the time, he wasnt very popular and known. He was the first Viennese composer whose income came from musical composition only. l have come into the world for no other purpose but to compose, once he told this to his friend. Schubert wrote over 600 songs.The Reeling, a musical setting of narrative ballad of the super-natural by Goethe, is one of the earliest and finest examples of musical romanticism composed by Schubert. Robert Schumann (1810-1856) was born in Chukka, Germany. His father was a Kessler, from whom he acquired a love of literature and wrote poetry. In many ways he embodied musical romanticism. His works are Intensely autobiographical. l am affected by everything that goes on In the world-politics, literature, people-I think It over In my own way, and then I long to express my feelings In music.One of his fingers was permanently crippled. Carnival Is one of his popular compositions that has a cycle of twenty-one brief pieces. And a French father. He was called a poet of piano because he wrote almost exclusively for the piano. When Chopin was about twenty, he composed his popular Nocturne in E Flat Major, Pop. , No. 2. It is a melancholic, slow, lyrical, intimate composition for piano. An outstanding pacesetter named Franz List was born in Hungary. His father was an administrator for the same Strachey family that Hayden had served. He was very DOD looking man.During sass he performed superhuman feats at the piano and overwhelmed the European musical public. Brahms said, Whoever has not heard List cannot speak of piano playing. His composition called Transcendental Statues No. 10 in F Minor is one of the virtuoso pieces of the romantic era. Hector Burlier (1803-1869) was one of the first French romantic composers and a raring creator of new orchestral sounds. He was born in a small town near Greenbelt. His music sounds unique. It includes abrupt contrasts between high woodwinds and low strings, snarling brass, and rumbling percussion.The dynamics fluctuate continually, and the tempo changes many times. One of his great compositions is called Symphonies fantastical. Peter Lacily Tchaikovsky (1840-1893), the most famous Russian composer, came from a small town of Bodkins, where his father was a mining inspector. Tchaikovsky seemed to have married only to conceal his homosexuality. Eventually, he separated from his wife and never saw her again. All of his music contains beautiful melodies that stretch and leap widely, like dancers.One of his greatest works is Romeo and Elite, Overture-Fantasy (1869). To conclude, with all the respect to those great musicians of this time, Italian Opera Verdi and German Opera Wagner are the most important ones. Italian opera was very popular, and its main emphasizes was on the music rather than the Norms. On the other hand, Wagner was the one whose works revolutionary. Unlike Italian Opera, he gave more importance to the words rather than music. His compositions were dramatic with continuous texture and huge orchestra.

Land Rover Organizational Behavior

Introduction The Land Rover Company has been in existence in the automobile industry for a considerable duration since it was founded in 1948. The firm mainly specializes in the manufacture of Jaguar Land Rover brand. The firm has undergone considerable changes over the past decades. In 2008, the company was purchased by Tata Motors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Land Rover: Organizational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Land Rover has successfully produced a series of models over the past decades. Some of its renowned models include Discovery 4, Range Rover SUVs, Defender, and Freelander 2. Consequently, the firm has gained considerable global reputation. Land Rover accounts for over 75% of the Jaguar Land Rover sales. The firm generates most of its sales from the North American, European, and the Chinese markets. The company is committed to attaining extensive market penetration. In its Chinese mark et, the Land Rover established a new manufacturing plant outside Shanghai. The plant will specialize in the manufacture of Land Rover Evoque. The firm intends to capture 10% of the Chinese premium SUV market. Problem statement Despite its past success, the Land Rover has experienced a major challenge over the past year, which forced the company to recall a number of automobiles from the market. In March 2015, the company announced its decision to recall 36,451 cars of the total vehicles manufactured and imported between June 3, 2013 and December 24, 2014. The company’s decision to recall the automobiles arose from the identification of a major problem with the brake vacuum hose. According to the company, failure to address the problem might limit the affected automobile braking capacity, hence increasing the distance required to stop the automobile successfully. This aspect means that the risk of crashing under such circumstances is considerably high.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, some of the vehicles imported into different markets such as China were reported to be characterized by varied malfunctions. For example, some of the vehicles had faulty gearboxes, which made the gearshifts noisy. Despite the Land Rover’s decision to recall the affected automobiles, the firm did not act voluntarily. On the contrary, the company was forced to implement the decision after the customer complaints were publicized by some media houses. One of the most notable cases relates to China whereby the firm only responded to the customer complaint after the issue was highlighted by the China Central Television. The company accepted its knowledge of the problem and apologized only after the issue was broadcasted. Due to the highlight of the issue by the China Central Television, Land Rover was forced to recall 36,000 Jaguar Land Rover models th at were imported into the Chinese market. Customer complaints entail transactional events and comprise a fundamental element in fostering and sustaining a strong customer relationship. The above aspects illustrate the existence of significant gaps in Land Rovers’ strategic management and leadership practices. First, the firm is not optimally committed to addressing the issues raised by customers. Secondly, the company has not implemented effective strategies to maintain the quality of its products. These issues might affect the organization’s global reputation adversely, hence its market success. Therefore, the Land Rovers’ management team should integrate effective leadership strategies. Purpose and organization of report This report seeks to evaluate the alternative issues that Land Rover should have considered in order to avoid such occurrences. One of the fundamental issues that the organization’s management team should consider entails the management of corporate reputation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Land Rover: Organizational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report is organized into a two main sections, which include the alternative analysis and the recommendations and the action plan section. The alternative analysis section involves a discussion of the legitimate alternatives that the firm could take. Additionally, the strengths and weaknesses of all the identified alternatives are evaluated. Moreover, the evaluation of the alternatives further entails the identification of the decision criteria used to formulate the alternatives. The recommendations section involves the decisions that the organization should integrate. Analysis Alternative analysis Relationship management The issue encountered at Land Rover shows that the firm has not fully appreciated the importance of synchronizing its operations within the external environments. T he firm only acknowledged the existence of the problem only after the issue was broadcasted by the Chinese national television. In the course of implementing strategic management practices, it is imperative for organizations’ management teams to consider the different issues arising from the external market. One of the most important aspects that the Land Rover’s management team should have considered entails customer relationship management. The organization’s failure to address the complaints raised by customers underscores the fact that the firm does not fully appreciate the significance of customers in the organization’s quest to achieve long-term excellence. The prevalence of the customers’ complaints regarding the firm’s products might affect the organization’s capacity to develop a strong global reputation. Subsequently, the firm might not generate adequate sales revenue to promote its long-term growth. In order to avert such i ssues, it is imperative for the organization to integrate the concept of relationship management, which emphasizes a number of dimensions. The core dimensions include communication, teamwork, cooperation, and customer relationship management [CRM] in its strategic management practices.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Baran, Galka, and Strunk (1), CRM refers to the process used by organizations in understanding and managing relationship with its customers. CRM constitutes a fundamental business strategy that links an organization’s internal functions and processes with the external networks to create and offer high value to the target customers. The concept of CRM would have played a fundamental role in assisting the organization to nurture a strong long-term relationship with its customers. Moreover, integrating the concept of CRM would have played an essential role in assisting the firm to address the complaints raised by the customers effectively. By focusing on the concept of CRM, the Land Rover would have entrenched the customer-centric business culture successfully. The customer-centric culture is focused on attracting and retaining customers. However, this goal is only possible if an organization delivers value to customers as opposed to its competitors. Past studies sh ow that the customer-centric culture is only possible if an organization’s management team focuses on implementing effective leadership behaviors. Additionally, studies show that customer complaints are a key component of an organization’s existence. One of the core sources of customer complaints relates to product failure, hence limiting an organization’s ability to attain the desired value. In the event of an organization failing to address the issues raised by customers, they are likely to resort to raising the complaints with third parties through diverse mediums. This situation is well illustrated by the situation faced by the Land Rover. Such occurrences might affect the organization’s corporate reputation negatively. Therefore, it is imperative for organizational leaders to ensure that the complaints raised are addressed effectively. By integrating the concept of CRM, the Land Rover would have been in a position to manage the complaints raised succ essfully without risking the development of negative reputation. However, in order to achieve this goal, the organization should consider entrenching diverse crisis and reputation management concepts such as apologia and image restoration. Moreover, the concept of CRM would have fostered the organization’s ability to retain its customers. Consequently, Buttle (2) argues that the firm would have been in a position to develop a strong degree of product loyalty. Effective complaints handling is essential in pre-empting the occurrence of negative outcomes. The Land Rover’s management team should have considered the concept of CRM as one the critical elements in generating sufficient sales revenue. In a bid to benefit from CRM, the Land Rover’s management team should have considered undertaking remarkable investment in CRM. Amongst the issues that the organization should have considered entail investing in effective Information Communication Technology (ICT). By auto mating its customer service, the firm would have been in a position to develop a strong customer relationship. In a bid to achieve this goal, the organization’s management team should have considered investing in the CRM software. Different organizations have undertaken extensive investment in the CRM software in an effort to synchronize the internal and external environments in their strategic management practices. The implementation of the CRM software improves an organization’s ability to handle and coordinate its inbound and outbound communication activities. This goal is achieved through the integration of different channels of communication. Furthermore, most organizations that have invested in service automation over the past decades have developed service quality, improved the level of customer satisfaction, and minimized the cost of operation. In its pursuit for to deal with customer complaints through service automation, the Land Rover’s management tea m should have considered investing in the development of a call center. The call center should have acted as the initial point of contact between the firm and its customers. In most cases, call centers are designed effectively to assist organizations in diagnosing customer problems. An example of technologies that the firm should have implemented includes the Interactive Voice Response [IVR]. The IVR enables customers to raise issues or complaints by interacting with the organization’s computers. The information gathered through the IVR should be used in undertaking customer relationship management. In order to manage the customers’ complaints successfully, the organization should have considered undertaking an extensive analysis of the issues raised. This aspect means that the firm should have entrenched the concept of analytical CRM. Through this approach, the firm should have considered utilizing marketing data such as customer relationship. In its quest to understa nd the prevailing customer opinions and responses towards its products, it is imperative for Land Rover to utilize emerging social mediums in collecting and developing market intelligence. Some of the social media platforms that the firm should have considered include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and YouTube. Contemporary consumers are increasingly using social media platforms in communicating and sharing product experience with their colleagues. Therefore, failure to manage the issues raised through social media platforms might affect the organization’s corporate reputation negatively. Teamwork In a bid to achieve this goal, the firm should have ensured that all the organizational departments are customer-centric. Through this approach, the various departments would have ensured that their activities are focused on delivering high value to the target customers. Consequently, the likelihood of defects occurring in the final products would have been minimized extensively. In o rder to attain a high degree of customer focus, the organization’s management team should have integrated effective leadership. First, the organization should have ensured that all the organizational employees understand the importance of attaining a high level of customer satisfaction in order to achieve long-term excellence. Achieving this goal requires the firm to inculcate a culture of teamwork. Culture underscores to the common values and beliefs that an organization has integrated into its operations. Through the successful incorporation of teamwork, the Land Rover would have been in a position to entrench information sharing amongst the various departments. The concept of teamwork would have enabled the firm to deliver quality service to employees. Teamwork contributes towards improved attentiveness in improving the employees’ capabilities and motivation. Therefore, the organization would have been in a position to undertake successful product development due to information sharing amongst the various departments. Such consideration would have contributed towards the development of a high level of synergy in the manufacturing process, hence delivering value to customers. Total Quality Management One of the major reasons that spurred the recall undertaken by Land Rover entails poor quality of some of its automobiles. The organization’s failure to manufacture high-quality automobile illustrates the existence of a significant lapse in the organization’s total quality management process. Charantimath (3) holds that the implementation of total quality management in organizations is greatly dependent on the effectiveness of the top management team. Leadership comprises an essential element in organizations’ quest to implement different organizational strategies and action plans. Different scholars in total quality management affirm that leadership cannot be delegated. Therefore, the Land Rover’s management team should have focused on developing a strong leadership. Literature shows that strong visionary leaders are fundamental in entrenching efficient quality management approach. In a bid to achieve this goal, the organization’s management team should have considered a number of issues. One of the most important elements that the firm should have considered in entrenching a culture of quality management entails promoting a high level of commitment and vision amongst the employees. This assertion arises from the view that employees are largely involved in the production process. The organization’s management team should have established aggressive targets. This aspect means that the firm should have entrenched a strong degree of focus amongst the employees towards quality. Moreover, the organization should have ensured that all employees understand the quality benchmarks in order to ensure that the final product contributes to the development of a high degree of customer satisfactio n. In its total quality management, the firm should further ensure that the products progress through a comprehensive quality process. The process should be comprised of quality control and assurance. In a bid to ensure that the quality of the final product meets the customers’ needs, the organization should integrate an effective criterion in selecting the source of its raw materials. Omachonu and Ross (4) posit that one of the issues that the firm should consider in selecting the raw materials entails quality. This approach will play a fundamental role in minimizing the likelihood of the firm producing its automobile from substandard raw materials. Strengths and weaknesses of the alternatives Strengths Corporate reputation By considering the above issues, the organization will be in a position to improve its global corporate reputation. Consumers have increasingly become more conscious of quality in their consumption process. Therefore, failure to meet the customers’ quality expectations can affect an organization’s ability to generate sales revenue. This trend has arisen from the association of quality with value for money. Therefore, investing in the above strategies will play a fundamental role in promoting brand loyalty. Investment in teamwork will further promote the organization’s corporate image both internally and externally. This goal will be achieved by integrating the different crisis communication techniques such as apologia, image restoration, and impression management. The concept of apologia constitutes one of the most important aspects used by organizations in managing corporate reputation in the event of a crisis. Under the concept of apologia, an organization accepts the complaints or the issue faced. Despite the fact that the organization accepted the existence of some problems in some of its automobiles, the apologia was not timely. However, it resorted to apologia only after the issue was raised through the me dia. The consideration of the identified aspects will improve the organization’s capacity to attract and retain human capital from the global labor market. Promoting corporate social responsibility In the course of their operation, organizations are required to operate ethically. One of the ethical dimensions that business entities should consider relates to customer safety. Focusing on total quality management will ensure that the final product meets the customers’ safety requirements. Customers within the target market will develop the perception that the firm is not only concerned about profit maximization, but also on consumer protection. Thus, considering the aforementioned approaches, Land Rover will improve its market rating remarkably with reference to corporate reputation. Customer involvement Investing in relationship management will enable Land Rover to be effective in promoting a high level of customer loyalty. This goal will be achieved by entrenching effe ctive crisis communication. This assertion arises from the fact that the customers will feel valued as a critical component of the organization. Apart from the organization’s contribution to addressing the complaints arising from the customers, investment in customer relationship management will also play an essential role in enhancing the organization’s ability to develop and exploit market intelligence. This goal will be achieved by using the complaints and compliments raised by customers as a source of knowledge. Therefore, the organization will improve its effective in being proactive about issues that arise in its quest to deliver a high level of customer satisfaction. Moreover, the firm will be in a position to develop an effective knowledge repository. This goal will be achieved by developing an effective database using the different Information Technologies. Therefore, the firm will benefit from effective knowledge management.. Weaknesses Despite the benefits a ssociated with the proposed alternatives, the firm’s management team must appreciate the existence of weaknesses. Some of the possible weaknesses that the firm might encounter in implementing the alternatives are evaluated herein. Security of information Relying on Internet-based technologies in gathering market information relating to customer opinion might be limited by the existence of cyber security. Currently, cyber security threats have increased considerably, hence affecting the reliability of data generated through online platforms. The reliability of online platforms may be compromised if the platforms are hacked by competitors. Moreover, the effectiveness of security may further be affected by the organization’s failure to implement effective online security measures. Resistance The process of implementing the identified alternatives will require the firm to undertake considerable changes. Implementing the concept of total quality management and relationship management will require the firm to make significant adjustments in its organizational culture. Such changes might trigger resistance amongst employees. The resistance might arise from the fact that employees will be required to integrate new operational strategies, hence triggering stress. One of the fundamental sources of stress in the workplace entails job characteristics. Organizational changes translate into additional job demands. For example, the concept of CRM will require the organization to entrench new standards in order to handle customer complaints successfully. Cost of implementation In order to implement the above alternatives successfully, the organization will be required to undertake extensive investment in developing the necessary resources. For example, the organization will be required to institute a comprehensive investment plan in order to automate its customer relationship management. Failure to automate the firm’s operation successfully will considera bly limit the organization’s capacity to achieve the desired outcome. Recommendations, action plan and implementation In order to avoid the occurrence of such issues in the future, it is imperative for Land Rover to consider a number of issues as discussed herein. Total quality management The above analysis cites the lack of effective total quality management in the organization’s operation process. However, the firm should focus on ensuring that its products are of high quality. In a bid to achieve this goal, the organization should invest in extensive total quality management. The organization should devise an effective action plan based on the Westinghouse Total Quality Model. The model is comprised of a number of steps. Adopting this model will ensure that its pursuit for total quality management is entrenched in leadership. Thus, the firm should nurture a strong organizational culture that is focused on effective and efficient product development. Land Rover shoul d ensure that its employees are involved in the total quality management. One of the elements that the organization should consider in promoting the employees’ focus on product quality entails communication. In its quest to position itself as a quality-conscious organization, the Land Rover should ensure that the employees’ perception towards quality is positively impacted. The organizational leaders should constantly communicate to employees regarding the predetermined quality dimensions set by the organization. Through optimal employee involvement in the total quality management process, the organization will be in a position to establish a clear vision for the desired outcome. Moreover, the organization will be highly proactive in addressing the quality issues raised by various departments. Consequently, the firm will ensure that the products introduced into the market contribute to a high level of customer satisfaction. Leadership In its pursuit for business excell ence, the organization’s management team focuses on establishing effective leadership across the various organizational departments. The organization’s management team should integrate charismatic leadership style. The quality of the leader considerably affects an organization’s ability to influence their followers/ employees. Adopting charismatic leadership style will aid in the development of a strong sense of vision amongst employees. Consequently, the employees will be committed to ensuring that the organization’s operation process contributes to the attainment of the set organizational goals. Customer service training Despite the fact that the organization acknowledged the existence of the quality complaints raised by customers, no proactive measures were undertaken to resolve the issue. Therefore, it is evident that the organization’s employees did not possess adequate knowledge on how to address the complaints successfully. In order to addre ss this challenge, it is imperative for the organization to invest in extensive customer service training. The training process should focus on delivering optimal customer service. In order to train its workforce successfully, the organization should seek expertise from well-established consultancy firms. This move will enable Land Rover to address the existing gaps in its customer service delivery. In order to foster customer service in its operations, the Land Rover should implement the internationally accepted standards of quality. One of the most important standards that the firm should consider entails the ISO 10002. This standard will provide the firm with an effective framework that it can adopt in addressing the complaints raised by customers. Reference List Baran RJ, Galka RJ, Strunk, DP. Principles of customer relationship management. Ohio: Thomson South-Western Cengage; 2008. Buttle F. Customer relationship management. New York: Routledge; 2004. Charantimath PM. Total qu ality management. Delhi: Pearson; 2011. Omachonu VK, Ross JE. Principles of total quality management. New York: CRC Press; 2004. This essay on Land Rover: Organizational Behavior was written and submitted by user Nathalie Hawkins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hinglish - Definition, Etymology and Examples

Hinglish s Hinglish is a mix of Hindi (the official language of India) and English (an associate official language of India) that is spoken by upwards of 350 million people in urban areas of India. (India contains, by some accounts, the largest English-speaking population in the world.) Hinglish (the term is a blend of the words Hindi and English) includes English-sounding phrases that have only Hinglish meanings, such as badmash (which means naughty) and glassy (in need of a drink). Examples and Observations In a shampoo advertisement currently playing on Indian television, Priyanka Chopra, the Bollywood actress, sashays past a line of open-top sports cars, flicking her glossy mane, before looking into the camera and saying: Come on girls, waqt hai shine karne ka!Part English, part Hindi, the linewhich means It’s time to shine!is a perfect example of Hinglish, the fastest growing language in India.While it used to be seen as the patois of the street and the uneducated, Hinglish has now become the lingua franca of India’s young urban middle class . . ..One high-profile example is Pepsi’s slogan Yeh Dil Maange More! (The heart wants more!), a Hinglish version of its international â€Å"Ask for more!† campaign.(Hannah Gardner, HinglishA Pukka Way to Speak. The National [Abu Dhabi], Jan. 22, 2009)Prepaid mobile phones have become so ubiquitous in India that English words to do with their userecharge, top-up and missed callhave become common, too. Now, it seems, th ose words are transforming to take on broader meanings in Indian languages as well as in Hinglish.(Tripti Lahiri, How Tech, Individuality Shape Hinglish. The Wall Street Journal, Jan. 21, 2012) The Rise of Hinglish The language Hinglish involves a hybrid mixing of Hindi and English within conversations, individual sentences and even words. An example: She was  bhunno-ing the  masala-s  jub  phone  ki ghuntee bugee. Translation: She was frying the spices when the phone rang. It is gaining  popularity  as a way of speaking that demonstrates you are modern, yet locally grounded.New research  by my colleagues . . . has found that while the hybrid language is not likely to replace English or Hindi in India, more people are fluent in Hinglish than they are in English. . . .Our data revealed two important patterns. First, Hinglish speakers cannot speak monolingual Hindi in settings which require only Hindi (like our interview scenario)this confirms reports from some speakers that their only fluency is in this hybrid Hinglish. What this means is that, for some speakers, using Hinglish is not a choicethey cannot speak monolingual Hindi, nor monolingual English. Because these Hinglish spe akers are not fluent in Hindi, they are not likely to undergo language shift to monolingual Hindi.Second, bilinguals adjust their speech towards Hinglish when they talk to Hinglish speakers. Over time, the number of Hinglish speakers is growing by adopting speakers from the bilingual community who lose the need to use either language monolingually.(Vineeta Chand, The Rise and Rise of Hinglish in India.  The Wire  [India], February 12, 2016) The Queens Hinglish A testimony is the average north Indians response to the language of the conquering British. They transformed it into Hinglish, a pervasive mishmash beyond state control that has spread from below so that even ministers no longer aspire to imitating the Queen. Hinglish boasts of airdashing to a crisis (famine or fire) lest newspapers accuse them of being on the backfoot. A vivacious mixture of English and native tongues, Hinglish is a dialect pulsating with energy and invention that captures the essential fluidity of Indian society.(Deep K Datta-Ray, Tryst With Modernity. The Times of India, Aug. 18, 2010)[Hinglish has] been called the Queens Hinglish, and for good reason: its probably been around since the first trader stepped off the ships of the British East India Company in the early 1600s. . . .You can hear this phenomenon for yourself by dialing the customer service number for any of the worlds largest corporations. . . . India has literally turned its English-speaking ability, a once embarrassing legacy of its colonial past, into a multi-billion-dollar competitive advantage.(Paul J. J. Payack, A Million Words and Counting: How Global English Is Rewriting the World. Citadel, 2008) The Hippest Language in India This mix of Hindi and English is now the hippest slang on the streets and college campuses of India. While once considered the resort of the uneducated or the expatriatedthe so-called ABCDs or the American-Born Confused Desi (desi denoting a countryman), Hinglish is now the fastest-growing language in the country. So much so, in fact, that multinational corporations have increasingly in this century chosen to use Hinglish in their ads. A McDonalds campaign in 2004 had as its slogan What your bahana is? (Whats your excuse?), while Coke also had its own Hinglish strapline Life ho to aisi (Life should be like this). . . . In Bombay, men who have a bald spot fringed by hair are known as stadiums, while in Bangalore nepotism or favouritism benefiting ones (male) child is known as son stroke.(Susie Dent, The Language Report: English on the Move, 2000-2007. Oxford University Press, 2007)

How You Get an SAT Fee Waiver Complete Guide

How You Get an SAT Fee Waiver Complete Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Is the cost of registering for the SAT a financial difficulty for you and your family? You may be eligible for an SAT fee waiver, which covers the full cost of registration for the SAT, with or without the essay section. We’ll explain what criteria you need to meet to be eligible for an SAT fee waiver and guide you through the steps to using it. With this guide we hope to help you overcome the barrier of testing fees in your path to college. What Guarantees SAT Fee Waiver Eligibility? College Board’s primary eligibility criteria says that you must be enrolled in (or eligible to participate in) the Federal Free and Reduced Lunch Program (FRPL). If you’re not on free and reduced lunch, there are some other criteria that may make it possible for you to obtain a fee waiver. You must meet ONE of the following, as defined by College Board (click here to read about this criteria in Spanish): Your annual family income falls within the Income Eligibility Guidelines set by the USDA Food and Nutrition Service (provided below). You are enrolled in a federal, state, or local program that aids students from low-income families (e.g., Federal TRIO programs such as Upward Bound). Your family receives public assistance. You live in federally subsidized public housing, a foster home, or are homeless. You are a ward of the state or an orphan. Income Eligibility Guidelines for the Free/Reduced Lunch Program for 2015-16 Members in Household Total Annual Income 1 $21,775 2 $29,471 3 $37,167 4 $44,863 5 $52,559 6 $60,255 The number of members in household includes the filer. A student in foster care is considered a household size of one person. If you have more than six members in your household, take the annual allowance for six - $60,255 - and add $7,696 for each additional member. In addition to meeting one of the above guidelines, there are a few other conditions for obtaining an SAT fee waiver. There are someother important rules for getting the green light on SAT fee waivers. Other Rules and Conditions First, SAT fee waivers are only available to11th and 12th graders. SAT Subject Test fee waivers, however, are available for all high schoolers in grades 9 through 12. Secondly, if you're testing outside of the U.S., you have to be a U.S. citizen to be eligible for a fee waiver. If you're an international student, then you can only get a fee waiver if you're residing and testing in the U.S. or U.S. territories. And third, eligible home-schooled students should contact a counselor at their local high school to get fee waivers. They will likely have to provide supporting documentation to prove they are eligible, such as tax records, public assistance records, a record of enrollment in an aid program. Now that you know all the criteria for getting a fee waiver, let’s take a closer look at what exactly an SAT fee waiver covers. What an SAT Fee Waiver Covers An SAT fee waiver covers the full cost of registration for the SAT test, with or without the essay section. It doesn't matter which you choose; you'll be covered either way. If you register for the SAT without the essay, but change your mind on test day, then you don't have to worry.As long as your testing center has the materials, then your fee waiver will cover your SAT + essay with no additional fees. You can get a total of two fee waivers for SAT registration and two fee waivers for SAT Subject Test registration. These do not cross over and cannot be exchanged with each other (in other words, you can’t use one of your Subject Test waivers to register for the regular SAT, or vice versa). The subject test fee waiver covers your registration for one day. Since there can be up to three subject tests in one day, one subject test fee waiver could cover one, two, or three subject tests. So two subject test fee waivers could cover up to six subject tests (three on one day and three on another). SAT fee waivers are also useful for sending your scores to colleges. Whether or not you're using a fee waiver, you'll getup to four free SAT score reports sent to colleges.If you're using a fee waiver to register, then you'll get anfour additional score reports sent to colleges for a total of eight free score reports!These four additional score reports can be ordered at any time. Fee waivers also cover College Board’s Question and Answer Service (QAS) or Student Answer Service (SAS) if ordered at the time of registration. These services give you a more detailed look into your SAT score report, which can be a huge help if you're planning to study more and retake the SAT. If you want QAS and/or SAS, then you need to order them at the time or registration. With SAT registration fee waivers, you could make up to four requests for fee waivers for your college applications. Your counselors should be able to help you through this process (usually through the Common Application). Finally, if you are testing internationally, the fee waiver covers the non-U.S. regional fee that’s added to international registration. As you can see, the fee waiver doesn’t just cover the cost of registration, but it also helps you with your college applications. However, there are a few limitations of the SAT fee waiver, which I'llexplain below. A fee waiver does not cover a six-month supply of coffee to fuel your SAT prep - but wouldn't it be nice if it did? What an SAT Fee Waiver Does Not Cover One fee waiver can only be applied only to one registration. If you miss your test, you can’t use the same fee waiver again. Thus you should make every effort to take the SAT on the date you have registered for. Again, you can get a maximum of two fee waivers, so you can waive the fee to take the SAT twice. If you need to change your test date, you will have to pay the fee of $28. You also can’t use your fee waiver to be put on a waitlist (which students may choose for an extra fee of $46 if their preferred testing center is already full on a particular date). Now that you know the full range of services covered by the SAT fee waiver and its limitations, let’s take a look at what steps you need to take to obtain your SAT fee waivers. What Steps You Need to Take College Board sends out fee waivers to high school counselors, so your counselor should notify you of your eligibility and give you a form. If your counselor hasn't done so, definitely speak with herand ask about your fee waiver. As far as I know, you can't obtain one yourself; you need to get the fee waiver from your counselor or another eligible administrator. Make sure you talk to your counselor well before the registration date of your test date so that you don't get charged late fees!This is especially important if you’re not on Free and Reduced Lunch, but you believe you meet one or more of the other criteria and can provide supporting documentation. Your fee waiver will be a card that looks something like this: When you register for the SAT, you will enter your 12-digit SAT fee waiver code, as well as your counselor’s name and eligibility criteria marked on the card. Once you’ve filled out the rest of your account (which entails uploading a photo, adding your personal and parental information, and choosing a testing location and test date), then you’re all set! You’ve registered for the SAT. Advice for Students Using Fee Waivers If you’re using a fee waiver and plan to take the SAT only two times, you really want to plan your optimal testing strategy carefully. Students almost always improve every time they take the SAT, as practice, training, and familiarity with the test is hugely helpful in improving your test scores. Since many colleges â€Å"superscore† the SAT in the admissions process, or choose your best section scores across all test dates, you can take the test multiple times to build up a strong superscore. This doesn’t mean you can’t get a great score by taking the test twice - on the contrary, with a planned strategy you can hit and even exceed your target scores. Besides using high quality test prep materials, you can improve your score by simulating real testing conditions. Using a full practice test, go through it as you would the real thing - with timed sections and short breaks, ideally on a Saturday morning. This will really help you get used to the timing and pacing of the test, as well as understand your own stamina and needs during a long period of testing. Check out our free EBook on what you need to do to maximize your SAT scores. This SAT Study Guide gives you the 5 tips you need to know to prepare for the SAT, including both what’s on the test and tips for revving up your own internal motivation. To Sum Up... SAT fee waivers can be a huge financial help in registering for the SAT, sending your score reports to colleges, and submitting your college applications. Make sure to learn about your eligibility well in advance of registration, and speak with your counselor to make sure you are all set for registration. If you learn that you were eligible for a fee waiver after you already registered, you can’t get a refund of the registration fee. So definitely reach out to your counselor and take advantage of SAT fee waivers with enough time to spare. As we said above, if you are limited to taking the test two times, make sure to maximize those two testing opportunities with a strong study plan and plenty of customized preparation. Check out the resources below for more important information and advice to help you prep for this very important test. What’s Next? If you’re thinking about how to save money on testing fees, check out our complete overview of SAT and ACT costs. In addition to getting the fees waived for the SAT, you may also be able to get your college application fees waived. This guide goes over the steps you need to take to obtain fee waivers for your colleges of choice! To start designing and customizing your SAT study plan, read our article to learn when you should begin studying and prepping. Aiming for that elusive (but definitely possible) perfect score? Learn from a 2400 full scorer. Read his personal story and comprehensive guide on how to master the SAT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Change of Command Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Change of Command - Essay Example to admit that existence of mistakes in our records such as failing to identify unfavorable traits among candidates in recruitment processes call for improvement. New approaches are therefore necessary for better results. Greater success can be achieved through diligence that leads to more efficiency. I therefore recommend approaches that have been successful to me in developing trust among people towards cooperation. As a member of a team, I learnt that positive interactions with the community, as well as with team members, develop positive relations and cooperation into efficient operations. Some of the most effective strategies towards positive interactions with the community include preventing and solving the community’s problems that develops the community’s trust in you. I am also confident that your â€Å"knowledge, skills and attitudes† can be applied to greater achievements that will set performance standards for future personnel (Lawrence and Mathew, 2012,p.

Citation Paper Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Citation Paper - Annotated Bibliography Example Author Amy Dean’s journal article ‘Occupy Wall Street: A Protest against a Broken Economic Compact’  (first published in Harvard International Review, 2012) offers insight and rationale behind his great mass movement. The OWS, which started as an innocuous gathering in Zuccotti Park in New York City, rapidly caught the public imagination, as it spread across the country swiftly and effectively. Amy Dean’s article is a valuable source for the research essay, for it deals with the crux of the problem, namely that of the ‘broken economic compact’. She notes how â€Å"the Occupy movement is a protest against a broken economic compact that reaches into the very middle of America and that is resonating in other parts of the world as well†. (Dean 12) Rather than being an arm-chair investigation of the landmark event, the author gives first-hand accounts of the unfolding movement from its epi-centre in New York City. As she observes during the introduction to the article, â€Å"During the early months when Occupy Wall Street maintained tent cities in lower Manhattan and other metropolitan areas around the country, the occupations attracted an array of young counter-culturalists and itinerant radicals. To many people seeing the images of the encampments on the news, it looked like a motley assembly, not something out of the American mainstream.† (Dean 12) As Amy Dean suggests in the article, Occupy Wall Street is a crucial reality check for a nation that is on the brink of economic and social disintegration. The movement showed up a mirror to the nation’s leaders and reminded them of their misplaced priorities and unethical behavior. The OWS movement is the most recent in that noble tradition of civil disobedience and collective public action that the country is so proud of. But Dean warns readers to not get carried away. How history will judge and rate the effectiveness of OWS will depend on how well public grievances are translated into

Fact Sheet Essay Example for Free

Fact Sheet Essay n the United States, there are approximately 1.7 million people who are suffering from limb loss. There are around 185,000 amputation related discharges in the U.S annually. Limb loss is greatest among those who are suffering from diabetes. Most of these people resort to the use of artificial limbs and joints. The use of prosthetics or the artificial limbs and joints is not new in science. The use thereof can be traced back to ancient Egypt. However, the formal use of artificial legs and amputation as life saving measures were only recognized in 1529 through the efforts of Ambroise Pare. Despite the evolution and introduction of different kinds of prosthetics, the three main parts remain to be the same. These three basic parts are the pylon, socket and suspension system. Among the modern prosthetics used is the Micro-Processor C-leg. This type of prosthetic is quite costly but the effects thereof are satisfying. Through this leg, a disabled patient can walk, climb, ride a bicycle and even play golf. The use of prosthetics provides wide range of advantages. Among the notable advantages is the mobility that it provides to the disabled patient. Another is the restoration of self-confidence in the patient by allowing him to function normally. Â  Among the disadvantages are intrinsic and extrinsic pain, skin complications, as well as limited movement. Despite the fact that prosthetics allow one to perform his daily tasks, this does not mean that the artificial leg is as efficient as the normal arms or legs.

The Salk Institute :: essays papers

The Salk Institute Dr. Jonas Salk commissioned Louis Kahn to design the Salk Institute of Biological Research near La Jolla, California. Salk believes that medical research should not be confined to science alone. In response to Salk's view, Kahn saw the possibility of uniting art and architecture with the functional aspect of the design. He agrees with Salk that someone with a mind in art, like himself, could contribute in creating a mental environment of scientific research. Kahn's pursue of this vision is apparent in his design process. The earliest massing strategy was to place a linear group of vertical towers parallel to the face of the cliff (diagram 1a). In the second version, a year later, the towers were replaced by four rectilinear, two-storey blocks set perpendicular to the sea (diagram 1b). In this version, the four blocks of laboratories were made up of clear span spaces, made possible by five box girders running across each rectangle, with a 'V'-shaped folded plate system perpendicular to the girders, spanning between them. Later, Kahn simplified the configuration of the laboratories, from four rectangular blocks to two, upon Salk's request (diagram 1c). In the process, Kahn kept he basic idea of the scheme, which was to place scientists' studies away from the laboratories in the central garden and to place auxiliary spaces in vertical towers on their external walls. However, he increased the number of floors to three, including the basement, and replaced the 'V'-shaped folded plates above each of the three floors with concrete Vierendeel beams. Stringent seismic criteria related to construction in the San Diego area made it difficult for Kahn's structural engineer to convince local building officials, who wanted him to use steel frame, that concrete, Vierendeel truss system would have the required flexibility. They agreed only after a 400 page report of undoubtedly integrated deflection computations that shows how post-tensioned columns would provide the main resistance to lateral seismic forces. These columns absorb both dead and live load compression plus vertical post-tensioning forces. They were also designed to maintain zero tension if subjected to lateral movements by earthquake. The trusses are 9 ft deep, spaced 20 ft on center and have a clear span of 65 ft (diagram 2). He made use of the 9 ft high resultant space as service area, allowing pipe chases to be dropped to the 65x 245 ft floor below with more latitude than before.

Physics-Bridge Project

Humans have tamed steel, stone, lumber, and even living vegetation, all in effort to reach the people, places, and things that we desire. Although the concept of bridges is as simple as a tree falling across a creek, bridge design and construction requires very serious ingenuity. Artists, engineers, and architects pour vast resources into bridge construction so that they can reshape our daily environment for the better. When building bridges you’ll need help from BATS which are the key structural components of bridge construction such as beams, arches , trusses, and suspensions.Various combinations of these four technologies make it possible for numerous bridge designs, ranging from some bridges as simple as beam bridges, arch bridges, truss bridges, and suspension bridges to more complicated bridges like side-spar cable-stayed bridges. Some of the key differences between these four types of bridges is the lengths that they can cross a single span, which is the total distancve between two of the bridges supports. Bridges supports can take the forms of columns, towers or even the walls of nature around the bridge like canyons.Beam bridges range up to 200 feet , while modern arch bridges can reach up to 800-1000 feet safely. Suspension bridges on the other hand are able to extend from 2000-7000 feet across. Compression and tension are present in all bridges and they are capable of damaging parts of the bridge as varying load weights and other forces act on the structure of the bridge. It is the job of the bridge design to handle these forces without buckling or snapping. Buckling occurs when a compression is able to overcome a objects ability to endure that certain force.Snapping is what happens when tension surpasses an objects ability to handle the lengthening force. The most effective way to deal with these powerful forces is to either dissipate them or transfer them. With the dissipation the design allows the force to be spread out over a greater area so that no one certain spot has to endure to much pressure. In transferring force, a design moves stress from an area of weakness to an area of strength. Beam bridges, bridge building isn’t more simple than this. When building a beam bridge all you need is a rigid horizontal structure and two supports, one at each end, to rest it on.These components directly support the downward weight of the bridge and any traffic traveling over it. Many beam bridges use steel or concrete to handle their certain loads. The size of the beam, and the certain height of the beams, determines how far that the beam can span up to. By increasing to height of the beam, the beam has more material to lower the tension. To create taller beams the designer of the bridge adds supporting latticework, or a truss, to the bridge’s beam. The support from the truss adds rigidity to the existing beam, greatly increasing its ability to dissipate the compression and tension of the bridge.Once the beam begi ns to compress, the force spreads through the truss. Yet even with a truss a beam bridge is only good for a max-limited distance. To make the bridge have a greater distance you need to build a bigger truss, until you have reached the point where even a truss cant support the bridges weight. During the industrial revolution, beam bridges were developing in the United States rapidly. Engineers gave many different truss designs in order to try and perfect it. All the different truss patterns also factored into how bridges were being built. ome designs had the truss under the bridge ,while some designs had the truss above the bridge. A single beam spreading any distance undergoes compression and tension. At the very top of the beam has the most compression and at the very bottom of the beam has the most tension. In the middle of the beam has very little compression or tension. This is why beams are built with bridges, they provide more material on the tops and bottoms of beams to better handle the forces of compression and tension. There is another reason why a truss is more rigid than a single beam; a truss has the ability to dissipate a load through the truss work.The truss design, which is a variant of a triangle, creates both a very rigid structure and one that transfers the load from a single point to a considerably wider area. After being used for 2000 years of architectural use, the arch continues to feature prominently in bridge designs. Its semicircular structure elegantly distributes compression through its entire form and diverts weight onto its two abutments, which are the components of the bridge that directly take on the pressure being exerted onto the bridge. The tensional forces in arch bridges are virtually negligible.That is because the natural curve of the arch and its ability to dissipate the force outward greatly reduces the effects of tension on the underside of the arch. The greater the degree of curvature, the greater the effects of tension on the underside of the bridge. If you build a big enough arch, the tension will eventually overtake the support of the bridges natural structure. While there is a fair amount in variety in arch bridge construction, the basic structure of every arch bridge is the same. For example there is Roman, Baroque and Renaissance which are all architecturally different they all have the same basic structure.It is the individual arch itself gives its namesake bridge its strength. An arch made of stone doesn’t need a mortar. In fact the ancient Romans built arch bridges and aqueducts that are still standing today and are made of stone. The tricky part , however is building the arch, as two converging parts of the structure have no structural integrity until they meet in the middle, which mean additional scaffolding or support systems are typically needed. The modern materials such as steel, and prestressed concrete allow us to build far larger arches than the ancient Romans ever were ab le.Modern arches typically span between 200 and 800 feet. There is one bridge in West Virgina named the New River George Bridge and it measures an impressive 1700 feet. Suspension bridges, as the name implies its suspend the rail the railway by cables, ropes, or chains from two towers. These towers support most of the bridges weight as compression pushes down on the suspension bridges deck and then travels up the cables, ropes, or chains to transfer compression directly into the earth. The supporting cables receive the bridges tensional forces. The cables of the bridge run horizontally between the two far flung anchorages.Bridge anchorages are essentially solid rock or massive concrete blocks in which the bridge is grounded. The tensional forces pass through anchorages and into the ground. In addition to all the cables almost all the suspension in bridges feature a supporting a truss system beneath the bridge is called a deck truss. This often helps to stiffen the deck and reduce th e tendency of the roadway to sway and ripple. Suspension bridges can easily cross distances such as 2000 to 7000 feet and this enables them to reach distances that other bridge designs cannot.Because of this bridges complexity and of their design they require a lot of materials , they are the most costly bridge to build. But not every suspension bridge is made out of steel andother costly materials. It can be as simple as twisted grass. When the Spanish conquistadors made their way into Peru in 1532, there they discovered an incan empire connected by hundreds of suspension bridges, achieving spans up to 150 feet or more across deep mountain gorges. Europe on the other hand wouldn’t see a suspension bridge for atleast 300 more years. At a first glance the cable-stayed bridge may look like just a variant of the suspension bridge, ut don’t let their similar towers and hanging railways confuse you. Cable stayed bridges are different from suspension bridges because they don ’t require anchorages, nor do they need two towers. Instead the cables run from the railway up to a tower that bears the weight alone. The tower in a cable stayed bridge is responsible for absorbing and dealing with all the compression forces. The cables attached to the bridge run to the tower in a variety of ways. For example, they can run in a radial pattern, cables can extend from several points on the road to a single point at the tower.They can also be in a parallel pattern, the cables attach to both the roadway and the tower at several separate points. The first cable strayed bridges were constructed in Europe after world war 2, but the basic design dates back to the 16th century and Croatian inventor Faust Vrancic. A contemporary of astronomers Tycho Brache and Johannes Kepler, Vrancic produced the first well known sketch of a cable stayed bridge in his book â€Å"machinae Novae. † Today cable stayed bridges are a popular choice as they offer all the advantages of a suspension bridge but at a leser cost for spans, up to 500 to 2800 feet.They require a less steel cable, and are faster to build and incorporate more precast concrete sections. Most of humanities build bridging legacy is a story of artificial structures crafted out of the natural elements. Build a bridge out of woven vines or hewn boards and nature will certainly turn it into compost. Building a living bridge takes patience of course. The war-khasis people for example create root-guided systems from hallowed halves of old betel nut tree trunks to direct strangler fig roots in the desired direction.They simply direct the roots out over a creek or river spanning and only allow the roots to dive into the earth on the opposite bank. The larger living bridges boast lengths of up to 100 feet and care bear the weight of 50 people. There are things that engineers such as torsion which occurs when high wind causes the suspended roadway to rotate and twist like rolling a wave. Also there is shear stress which occurs when two fastened structures are forced in opposite directions. If a bridge has sighs of shear stress and it is unchecked the bridge can literally rip the bridge in half.A simple shear force would be to drive a long stake halfway into the ground and then apply lateral force against the side of the upper portion of the stake. With enough sufficient preasure youd be able to snap the stake in half. Resonance, you can think of this as simply a vibrational equivalence of a snowball rolling down a hill and becoming an avalanche. It starts off relatively small and periodicly stimulus of a mechanical system, such as wind buffeting a bridge. These vibrations however are more or less in harmony with the bridges natural vibrations.If unchecked the vibrations traveling through the bridge can form torsional waves. The best example of this occurred in 1940, when resonant vibrations destroyed the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Washington. The innocent was especially shockin g at the time as the structure was designed to withstand winds up to 120 miles per hour and collapsed in a mere 40 mile wind. When there was close examination of the innocent it suggested that the bridges deck-stiffing truss was insufficient for the span, nut this alone couldn’t bring such a structure down.As turned out, the wind that day was at just the right speed and hit the bridge at just the right angle to set it off the deadly vibration. Continued winds increased the vibrations until the waves grew so large and violent that they broke the bridge apart. This simple effect is just like a singer breaking glass with their voice. Wind isn’t the only thing that is a threat to bridges. For example when an army marches across a bridge, the soliders often â€Å"break step† so that their rhythmic marching will start resonating throughout the bridge. A sufficient large army marching at the right cadence could set the deadly vibration into motion.In order to mitigrate fully the resonance effect in a bridge, engineer incorporate dampeners into the bridge design to interrupt the resonant waves and prevent them from growing. Another way to halt resonance is to give it less room to run wild. If a bridge boast a solid roadway, then a resonant wave can easily travel the length of the bridge and wreak havoc. But if a bridge roadway is made up of different sections with overlapping plates, then the movement of one section merely transfers to another to another via the plates generating friction. The trick is to create enough friction to change the frequency of the resonant waves.Changes the frequency prevents the waves from building. While wind can certainly induce destructive resonant waves, whether a whole host of destructive assaults on the bridges we build. In fact, the relentless work of rain, ice, wind, and salt will inevitably bring down any bridge that humans can erect. Bridge designers have learned their craft by studying their failures of the pass. Iron has replaced wood and steel has replace iron. Pre-stressed concrete now plays a vital role in the construction of highway bridges. Each new material or design Technique builds off the lesson of the past. Torison, resonance.

Dyslexia and its manifestation in Secondary School

In 1968, the World Federation of Neurologists defined dyslexia as â€Å" a upset in kids who, despite conventional schoolroom experience, fail to achieve the linguistic communication accomplishments of reading, authorship, and spelling commensurate with their rational abilities † . Harmonizing to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, dyslexia is aA larning disabilityA that can impede a individual ‘s ability to read, compose, spell, and sometimes speak.A Dyslexia is the most common acquisition disablement inA childrenA and persists throughout life. The badness of dyslexia can change from mild to severe. The Oklahoman dyslexia is treated, the more favorable the result ; nevertheless, it is ne'er excessively late for people with dyslexia to larn to better their linguistic communication accomplishments. Children with dyslexia have trouble in larning to read despite traditional direction, at least mean intelligence, and an equal chance to larn. It is caused by damage in the encephalon ‘s ability to interpret images received from the eyes or ears into apprehensible linguistic communication. It does non ensue from vision or hearing jobs. It is non due toA mental deceleration, encephalon harm, or a deficiency of intelligence. Dyslexia can travel undetected in the early classs of schooling. The kid can go frustrated by the trouble in larning to read, and other jobs can originate that will mask dyslexia. The kid may demo marks ofA depressionA and low self-pride. Behaviour jobs at place every bit good as at school are often seen. The kid may go unmotivated and develop a disfavor for school. The kid ‘s success in school may be jeopardized if the job remains untreated. Dyslexia may impact several different maps. Ocular dyslexia is characterized by figure and missive reversals and the inability to compose symbols in the right sequence. Auditory dyslexia involves trouble with sounds of letters or groups of letters. The sounds are perceived as jumbled or non heard right. â€Å" Dysgraphia † refers to the kid ‘s trouble retention and commanding a pencil so that the right markers can be made on the paper. Classroom instructors may non be able to find if a kid has dyslexia. They may observe early marks that suggest farther appraisal by a psychologist or other wellness professional in order to really name the upset. Letter and figure reversals are the most common warning mark. Such reversals are reasonably common up to the age of 7 or 8 and normally diminish by that clip. If they do non, it may be appropriate to prove for dyslexia or other larning jobs. Difficulty copying from the board or a book can besides propose jobs. There may be a general disorganisation of written work. A kid may non be able to retrieve content, even if it involves a favorite picture or storybook. Problems with spacial relationships can widen beyond the schoolroom and be observed on the resort area. The kid may look to be uncoordinated and have trouble with organized athleticss or games. Trouble with left and right is common, and frequently laterality for either manus has non been established. In the early classs , music and dance are frequently used to heighten academic acquisition. Children with dyslexia can hold trouble traveling to the beat of the music. Children may hold dyslexia or a learning disablement if they have one or more of the undermentioned symptoms: Letter or word reversals when reading. ( Such as was/saw, b/d, p/q ) . Letter or word reversals when authorship. Trouble reiterating what is said to them. Poor handwriting or publishing ability. Poor pulling ability. Change by reversaling letters or words when spelling words that are presented orally. Trouble groking written or spoken waies. Trouble with right – left directivity. Trouble understanding or retrieving what is said to them. Trouble understanding or retrieving what they have merely read. Trouble seting their ideas on paper. Auditory jobs in dyslexia encompass a assortment of maps. Normally, a kid may hold trouble retrieving or understanding what he hears. Remembering sequences of things or more than one bid at a clip can be hard. Partss of words or parts of whole sentences may be missed, and words can come out sounding good story. The incorrect word or a similar word may be used alternatively. Children fighting with this job may cognize what they want to state but have problem happening the existent words to show their ideas. Many elusive marks can be observed in kids with dyslexia. Children may go withdrawn and look to be depressed. They may get down to move out, pulling attending off from their acquisition trouble. Problems with self-esteem can originate, and equal and sibling interactions can go labored. These kids may lose their involvement in school-related activities and look to be unmotivated or lazy. The emotional symptoms and marks are merely every bit of import as the academic and require equal attending. Over 180 research surveies to day of the month hold proven that phonics is the best manner to learn reading to all pupils. They besides have shown that phonics is the lone manner to learn reading to pupils with dyslexia and other larning disablements. The challenge for instruction governments is to supply the leading and to concentrate the resources necessary to guarantee the development of dyslexia friendly schools. Bing an effectual school and being dyslexia friendly are two sides of the same coin. Effective schools enjoy strong leading, value staff development and wage close attending to the quality of direction and acquisition. These are schools in which all kids are of import regardless of ability or trouble. Dyslexia in schools demands to be seen to hold position within the school. This can be achieved by guaranting that the governors are steadfastly committed to back uping dyslexic kids across the course of study. The most effectual manner would be through the School Development Plan: Offering comprehensive preparation Explicating a common attack Puting marks based on National Curriculum forms Puting in topographic point monitoring and rating systems. Head instructors need to take the duty of guaranting that the doctrine of the school is dyslexia friendly. This might associate to attitudes and actions held by instructors and support staff. All staff needs to be cognizant that although kids might hold failings with specific parts of course of study entree, they are likely to be at least of mean ability if non a great trade higher. Parents need to be brought into the changing set up, their concerns heard and their cooperation sought where possible. It is of import to indicate out that it is really helpful when kids receive a high grade for content and cognition instead than ever being penalised due to hapless presentation accomplishments, spelling, punctuation and grammar. The kid should be acquiring aid in these countries of failing and should be motivated to maintain seeking pass holding his ideas, thoughts and cognition valued. Within schools there is the necessity for a scope of developing demands to be carried out with relevant staff. It would be ideal to hold a dyslexia-trained specializer in every school. To make so there is the demand for mainstream instructors and knowing larning support helpers in the schoolroom to assist the kid on a regular footing. In add-on it would be extremely utile for caput instructors and governors to go to awareness-raising Sessionss on the demands of the dyslexic kid and the benefits to the school of dyslexia proviso. As Reid ( 1997 ) says of instructor preparation: it is of import that schoolroom instructors receive some preparation in dyslexia offering both theoretical penetrations and practical experience.

MS vs. MBA Degrees

MS vs. MBA Degrees MBA  stands for Master of Business Administration. The MBA degree  is internationally recognized and easily among the most well-known professional degrees in the world. Although programs vary from school to school, students can who go for the MBA can expect to get a broad multidisciplinary business education. MS stands for Master of Science. An MS degree program is an alternative to the MBA program and is designed to educate students in a particular area of business. For example, students can earn an MS in accounting, marketing, finance, human resources, entrepreneurship, management, or management information systems. MS programs combine science and business, which can be beneficial in the modern, tech-heavy business world.   Trends Over the last few years, there has been an increase in the number of specialized masters degree programs at business schools, colleges, and universities across the country.  According to  survey results  from the Graduate Management Admission Council, there has also been an increase in the number of business school  students interested in specialized masters degrees. Career Goals   When considering which program to choose, it is important to consider your future career path. Both the MS degree and the MBA are advanced degrees, and the superiority of one over the other depends solely on your career goals and how you plan to utilize your degree. MS degrees are very specialized and will give you excellent preparation in a specific area. This can be helpful if you plan to work in an area like accounting  where you need in-depth knowledge of accounting laws and procedures. An  MBA program  typically provides a more general business education than an MS, which can be helpful for students who want to work in management or think that they may change fields or industries in the future. In short, MS programs offer depth, while MBA programs offer breadth.   Academics Academically, both programs are usually similar in difficulty. At some schools, students in MS classes may be more academically inclined because they are there for different reasons than MBA students. This is because some of the people who attend MBA classes are in it for the money, the career, and the title. Whereas MS students are often enrolled in classes for other reasons - most of them academic in nature. MS classes also tend to focus more on traditional coursework. Although MBA programs require plenty of traditional class time, students also get educated through  work-related projects and internships. School Choice Because not all schools offer an MBA and not all schools offer an MS in business, you will need to decide which is more important: your program of choice or your school of choice. If youre lucky, you can have it both ways.   Admissions MS programs are competitive, but MBA admissions are notoriously tough. Admissions requirements for MBA programs are often harder for some students to meet. For example, most MBA programs require three to five years of work experience prior to application. MS degree programs, on the other hand, are tailored for people who have less full-time work experience. Students who want to enroll in an MBA program must also take the GMAT or the GRE. Some MS programs waive this requirement. Rankings One final thing to consider is that MS programs are not subject to rankings like MBA programs are. Therefore, the prestige that is carried with MS programs is much less discriminating.

The Publication of the Pentagon Papers

The Publication of the Pentagon Papers The publication by the New York Times of a secret government history of the Vietnam War in 1971 was a significant milestone in the history of American journalism. The Pentagon Papers, as they became known, also set into motion of chain of events that would lead to the Watergate scandals which began the following year. The appearance of the Pentagon Papers on the front page of the newspaper on Sunday, June 13, 1971, infuriated President Richard Nixon. The newspaper possessed so much material leaked to it by a former government official, Daniel Ellsberg, that it intended to publish  a continuing series drawing upon the classified documents. Key Takeaways: The Pentagon Papers These leaked documents detailed many years of American involvement in Vietnam.Publication by the New York Times brought sharp reaction from the Nixon administration, which ultimately led to unlawful actions of the Watergate scandal.The New York Times won a landmark Supreme Court decision hailed as a victory for the First Amendment.Daniel Ellsberg, who provided the secret documents to the press, was targeted by the government but the prosecution fell apart due to government misconduct. At Nixons direction, the federal government, for the first time in history, went to court to prevent a newspaper from publishing material.   The court battle between one of the countrys great newspapers and the Nixon administration gripped the nation. And when the New York Times obeyed a temporary court order to cease publication of the Pentagon Papers, other newspapers, including the Washington Post, began publishing their own installments of the once-secret documents. Within weeks, the New York Times prevailed in a Supreme Court decision. The press victory was deeply resented by Nixon and his top staff, and they responded by beginning their own secret war against leakers in the government. Actions by a group of White House staffers calling themselves â€Å"The Plumbers† would lead to a series of covert actions that escalated into the Watergate scandals. What Was Leaked The Pentagon Papers represented an official and classified history of United States involvement in Southeast Asia. The project was initiated by Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, in 1968. McNamara, who had masterminded Americas escalation  of the Vietnam War, had become deeply disillusioned. Out of an apparent sense of remorse, he commissioned a team of military officials and scholars to compile documents and analytical papers which would comprise the Pentagon Papers. And while the leaking and publication of the Pentagon Papers was viewed as a sensational event, the material itself was generally quite dry. Much of the material consisted of strategy memos circulated among government officials in the early years of American involvement in Southeast Asia. The publisher of the New York Times, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, later quipped, Until I read the Pentagon Papers I did not know that it was possible to read and sleep at the same time. Daniel Ellsberg   The man who leaked the Pentagon Papers, Daniel Ellsberg, had gone through his own lengthy transformation over the Vietnam War. Born on April 7, 1931, he had been a brilliant student who attended Harvard on a scholarship. He later studied at Oxford, and interrupted his graduate studies to enlist in the U.S. Marine Corps in 1954. After serving three years as a Marine officer, Ellsberg returned to Harvard, where he received a doctorate in economics. In 1959 Ellsberg accepted a position at the Rand Corporation, a prestigious think tank which studied defense and national security issues.   For several years Ellsberg studied the Cold War, and in the early 1960s he began to focus on the emerging conflict in Vietnam. He visited Vietnam to help assess potential American military involvement, and in 1964 he accepted a post in the Johnson administration State Department. Ellsberg’s career became deeply intertwined with the American escalation in Vietnam. In the mid-1960s he visited the country frequently and even considered enlisting in the Marine Corps again so he could participate in combat operations. (By some accounts, he was dissuaded from seeking a combat role as his knowledge of classified material and high-level military strategy would have made him a security risk should he be captured by the enemy.) In 1966 Ellsberg returned to the Rand Corporation. While in that position, he was contacted by Pentagon officials to participate in the writing of the Vietnam War’s secret history. Ellsberg’s Decision to Leak Daniel Ellsberg was one of about three-dozen scholars and military officers who participated in creating the massive study of U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia from 1945 to the mid-1960s. The entire project stretched into 43 volumes, containing 7,000 pages. And it was all considered highly classified. As Ellsberg held a high security clearance, he was able to read vast amounts of the study. He came to the conclusion that the American public had been seriously misled by the presidential administrations of Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson.   Ellsberg also came to believe that President Nixon, who had entered the White House in January 1969, was needlessly prolonging a pointless war. As Ellsberg became increasingly unsettled by the idea that many American lives were being lost because of what he considered deception, he became determined to leak parts of the secret Pentagon study. He began by taking pages out of his office at the Rand Corporation and copying them, using a Xerox machine at a friends business. Seeking a way to publicize what he had discovered, Ellsberg first began to approach staff members on Capitol Hill, hoping to interest members working for members of Congress in copies of the classified documents.   The efforts to leak to Congress led nowhere. Congressional staffers were either skeptical of what Ellsberg claimed to have, or were afraid of receiving classified material without authorization. Ellsberg, in February 1971, decided to go outside the government. He gave portions of the study to Neil Sheehan, a New York Times reporter who had been a war correspondent in Vietnam. Sheehan recognized the importance of the documents, and approached his editors at the newspaper. Publishing the Pentagon Papers The New York Times, sensing the significance  of the material Ellsberg had passed to Sheehan, took extraordinary action. The material would need  to be read and assessed for news value, so the newspaper assigned a team of editors to review the documents.   To prevent word of the project from getting out, the newspaper created what was essentially a secret newsroom in a Manhattan hotel suite several blocks from the newspaper’s headquarters building. Every day for ten weeks a team of editors hid away in the New York Hilton, reading the Pentagon’s secret history of the Vietnam War. The editors at the New York Times decided a substantial amount of  material should be published, and they planned to run the material as a continuing series. The first installment appeared on the top center of the front page of the large Sunday paper on June 13, 1971. The headline was understated: Vietnam Archive: Pentagon Study Traces 3 Decades of Growing U.S. Involvement. Six pages of documents appeared inside the Sunday paper, headlined, â€Å"Key Texts From Pentagon’s Vietnam Study.† Among the documents reprinted in the newspaper were diplomatic cables, memos sent to Washington by American generals in Vietnam, and a report detailing covert actions which had preceded open U.S. military involvement in Vietnam. Before publication, some editors at the newspaper advised caution. The most recent documents being published would be several years old and posed no threat to American troops in Vietnam. Yet the material was classified and it was likely the government would take legal action.   Nixon’s Reaction On the day the first installment appeared, President Nixon was told about it by a national security aide, General Alexander Haig (who would later become Ronald Reagan’s first secretary of state). Nixon, with Haig’s encouragement, became increasingly agitated.   The revelations appearing in the pages of the New York Times did not directly implicate Nixon or his administration. In fact, the documents tended to portray politicians Nixon detested, specifically his predecessors, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, in a bad light.   Yet Nixon had reason to be very concerned. The publication of so much secret government material offended many in the government, especially those working in national security or serving in the highest ranks of the military.   And the audacity of the leaking was very disturbing to Nixon and his closest staff members, as they were worried that some of their own secret activities might someday come to light. If the country’s most prominent newspaper could print page after page of classified government documents, where might that lead?   Nixon advised his attorney general, John Mitchell, to take action to stop the New York Times from publishing more material. On Monday morning, June 14, 1971, the second installment of the series appeared on the front page of the New York Times. That night, as the newspaper was preparing to publish the third installment for the Tuesday paper, a telegram from the U.S. Department of Justice arrived at the New York Times headquarters. It demanded that the newspaper stop publishing the material it had obtained.   The publisher of the newspaper responded by saying the  newspaper would obey a court order if one was issued. But short of that, it would continue publishing. The front page of Tuesdays newspaper carried a prominent headline, â€Å"Mitchell Seeks to Halt Series on Vietnam But Times Refuses.†Ã‚   The next day, Tuesday, June 15, 1971, the federal government went to court and secured an injunction which stopped the New York Times from proceeding with the publication of any more of the documents Ellsberg had leaked. With the series of articles in the Times halted, another major newspaper, the Washington Post, began publishing material from the secret study which had been leaked to it. And by the middle of the first week of the drama, Daniel Ellsberg was identified as the leaker. He found himself the subject of an F.B.I. manhunt. The Court Battle The New York Times went to federal court to fight against the injunction. The governments case contended that material in the Pentagon Papers endangered national security and the federal government had a right to prevent its publication. The team of lawyers representing the New York Times argued that the publics right to know was paramount, and that the material was of great historic value and did not pose any current threat to national security. The court case moved though the federal courts at surprising speed, and arguments were held at the Supreme Court on Saturday, June 26, 1971, only 13 days after the first installment of the Pentagon Papers appeared. The arguments at the Supreme Court lasted for two hours. A newspaper account published the following day on the front page of the New York Times noted a fascinating detail: Visible in public - at least in cardboard-clad bulk - for the first time were the 47 volumes of 7,000 pages of 2.5-million words of the Pentagons private history of the Vietnam War. It was a government set. The Supreme Court issued a decision affirming the right of newspapers to publish the Pentagon Papers on June 30, 1971. The following day, the New York Times featured a headline across the entire top of the front page: Supreme Court, 6-3, Upholds Newspapers On Publication of the Pentagon Report; Times Resumes Its Series, Halted 15 Days. The New York Times continued publishing excerpts of the Pentagon Papers. The newspaper featured front-age articles based on the secret documents through July 5, 1971, when it published its ninth and final installment. Documents  from the Pentagon Papers were also quickly published in a paperback book, and its publisher, Bantam, claimed to have one  million copies in print by mid-July 1971. Impact of the Pentagon Papers For newspapers, the Supreme Court decision was inspiring and emboldening. It affirmed that the government could not enforce  prior restraint to block publication of material it wanted kept from public view. However, inside the Nixon administration the resentment felt toward the press only deepened. Nixon and his top aides became fixated on Daniel Ellsberg. After he was identified as the leaker, he was charged with a number of crimes ranging from illegal possession of government documents to violating the Espionage Act. If convicted, Ellsberg could have faced more than 100 years in prison. In an effort to discredit Ellsberg (and other leakers) in the eyes of the public, White House aides formed a group they called The Plumbers. On September 3, 1971, less than three months after the Pentagon Papers began appearing in the press, burglars directed by White House aide E. Howard Hunt  broke into the office of Dr. Lewis Fielding, a California psychiatrist. Daniel Ellsberg had been a patient of Dr. Fielding, and the Plumbers were hoping to find damaging material about Ellsberg in the doctors files. The break-in, which was disguised to look like a random burglary, produced no useful material for the Nixon administration to use against Ellsberg. But it indicated the lengths to which government officials would go to attack perceived enemies. And the White House Plumbers would later play major roles the following year in what became the Watergate scandals. Burglars connected to the White House Plumbers were arrested at the Democratic National Committee offices in the Watergate office complex in June 1972. Daniel Ellsberg, incidentally, faced a federal trial. But when details of the illegal campaign against him, including the burglary at Dr. Fieldings office,  became known, a federal judge dismissed all charges against him.